Titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:Sapphire) is a high-performance synthetic crystal material with excellent comprehensive properties. Its chemical formula is Ti³⁺:Al₂O₃, and it is formed by doping titanium ions (Ti³⁺) into the main component of sapphire (Al₂O₃). It has a hexagonal crystal system structure with a density of 3.98 g/cm³, a melting point of up to 2040℃ - 2050℃, a Mohs hardness of 9, a thermal conductivity of 52 W/m/k, and exhibits excellent physical properties. Its color typically presents a light red with a distinct purple tint, and the depth of the red color is related to the amount of titanium doping. The tunable range of the laser wavelength of titanium-doped crystal is usually 650 - 1100 nm, with a peak wavelength of approximately 800 nm. It is one of the materials with the widest wavelength tunable range among currently available tunable laser crystals.